🪸On Systems Thinking: On Ecology I(1950-1959)

"In calling society an ecological system we are not merely using an analogy; society is an example of the general concept of an 'ecosystem' that is, an ecological system of which biological systems - forests, fields, swamps - are other examples." (Kenneth E Boulding, "A Reconstruction of Economics", 1950)

"Reality, in its quantitative aspect, must be considered as a system of populations. […] The general study of the equilibria and dynamics of populations seems to have no name; but as it has probably reached its highest development in the biological study known as 'ecology,' this name may well be given to it." (Kenneth E Boulding, "A Reconstruction of Economics", 1950)

"The general study of the equilibria and dynamics of populations seems to have no name; but as it has probably reached its highest development in the biological study known as 'ecology,' this name may well be given to it." (Kenneth E Boulding, "A Reconstruction of Economics", 1950)

"Can any of us fix anything? No. None of us can do that. We're specialized. Each one of us has his own line, his own work. I understand my work, you understand yours. The tendency in evolution is toward greater and greater specialization. Man's society is an ecology that forces adaptation to it. Continued complexity makes it impossible for us to know anything outside our own personal field — I can't follow the work of the man sitting at the next desk over from me. Too much knowledge has piled up in each field. And there are too many fields. (Philip K. Dick, "The Variable Man", 1952)

 "If we have been slow to develop the general concepts of ecology and conservation, we have been even more tardy in recognizing the facts of the ecology and conservation of man himself. We may hope that this will be the next major phase in the development of biology. Here and there awareness is growing that man, far from being the overlord of all creation, is himself part of nature, subject to the same cosmic forces that control all other life. Man's future welfare and probably even his survival depend upon his learning to live in harmony, rather than in combat, with these forces. (Rachel Carson, "Essay on the Biological Sciences" in Good Reading, 1958)