Music and Mathematics II

“And so they have handed down to us clear knowledge of the speed of the heavenly bodies and their risings and settings, of geometry, numbers and, not least, of the science of music. For these sciences seem to be related.” (Archytas of Tarentym, 4th c. BC)

“Music submits itself to principles which it derives from arithmetic.” (St. Thomas d'Aquin,” Summa theologica”, 1485)

“Musicke I here call that Science, which of the Greeks is called Harmonie. Musicke is a Mathematical Science, which teacheth, by sense and reason, perfectly to judge, and order the diversities of soundes hye and low.” (John Dee, 1570)

“For many parts of Nature can neither be invented with sufficient subtlety, nor demonstrated with sufficient perspicuity, nor accommodated to use with sufficient dexterity, without the aid and intervention of Mathematic: of which sort are Perspective, Music, Astronomy, cosmography, Architecture, Machinery, and some others.” (Sir Francis Bacon, De Augmentis, Bk. 3 [The Advancement of Learning], 1605)

“Mathematics make the mind attentive to the objects which it considers. This they do by entertaining it with a great variety of truths, which are delightful and evident, but not obvious. Truth is the same thing to the understanding as music to the ear and beauty to the eye. The pursuit of it does really as much gratify a natural faculty implanted in us by our wise Creator as the pleasing of our senses: only in the former case, as the object and faculty are more spiritual, the delight is more pure, free from regret, turpitude, lassitude, and intemperance that commonly attend sensual pleasures.” (John Arbuthnot, “An Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning”, 1701)

“Music is a science which should have definite rules; these rules should be drawn from an evident principle; and this principle cannot really be known to us without the aid of mathematics. Notwithstanding all the experience I may have acquired in music from being associated with it for so long, I must confess that only with the aid of mathematics did my ideas become clear and did light replace a certain obscurity of which I was unaware before.” (Jean-Philippe Rameau, “Treatise on Harmony reduced to its natural principles”, 1722)

“Mathematics and music, the most sharply contrasted fields of scientific activity which can be found, and yet related, supporting each other, as if to show forth the secret connection which ties together all the activities of our mind, and which leads us to surmise that the manifestations of the artist's genius are but the unconscious expressions of a mysteriously acting rationality.” (Hermann von Helmholtz, “Vorträge und Reden”, Bd. 1, 1884)

“I think it would be desirable that this form of word [mathematics] should be reserved for the applications of the science, and that we should use mathematic in the singular to denote the science itself, in the same way as we speak of logic, rhetoric, or (own sister to algebra) music.” (James J Sylvester, [Presidential Address to the British Association] 1869)

“We do not listen with the best regard to the verses of a man who is only a poet, nor to his problems if he is only an algebraist; but if a man is at once acquainted with the geometric foundation of things and with their festal splendor, his poetry is exact and his arithmetic music.” (Ralph W Emerson, “Society and Solitude”, 1870)

“The mind of man may be compared to a musical instrument with a certain range of notes, beyond which in both directions we have an infinitude of silence. The phenomena of matter and force lie within our intellectual range, and as far as they reach we will at all hazards push our inquiries. But behind, and above, and around all, the real mystery of this universe [Who made it all?] lies unsolved, and, as far as we are concerned, is incapable of solution.” (John Tyndall, “Fragments of Science for Unscientific People”, 1871)

See also:
Music and Mathematics
Music and Mathematics III
The Music of Numbers