01 April 2020

On Differential Equations I

"Thus, differential calculus has all the exactitude of other algebraic operations." (Pierre-Simon Laplace, "A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities", 1814)

"Any progress in the theory of partial differential equations must also bring about a progress in Mechanics." (Carl G J Jacobi, "Vorlesungen über Dynamik" ["Lectures on Dynamics"], 1843)

"The conception of tensors is possible owing to the circumstance that the transition from one co-ordinate system to another expresses itself as a linear transformation in the differentials. One here uses the exceedingly fruitful mathematical device of making a problem "linear" by reverting to infinitely small quantities." (Hermann Weyl, "Space - Time - Matter", 1922)

"Scientific laws, when we have reason to think them accurate, are different in form from the common-sense rules which have exceptions: they are always, at least in physics, either differential equations or statistical averages." (Bertrand Russell, "The Analysis of Matter", 1927)

"Matter-of-fact is an abstraction, arrived at by confining thought to purely formal relations which then masquerade as the final reality. This is why science, in its perfection, relapses into the study of differential equations. The concrete world has slipped through the meshes of the scientific net." (Alfred N Whitehead, "Modes of Thought", 1938)

"If God has made the world a perfect mechanism, He has at least conceded so much to our imperfect intellect that in order to predict little parts of it, we need not solve innumerable differential equations, but can use dice with fair success." (Max Born, "Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist", 1949)

"We completely agree that description by differential equations is not only a clumsy but, in principle, inadequate way to deal with many problems of organization." (Ludwig von Bertalanffy, "General System Theory", 1968)

"The chief difficulty of modern theoretical physics resides not in the fact that it expresses itself almost exclusively in mathematical symbols, but in the psychological difficulty of supposing that complete nonsense can be seriously promulgated and transmitted by persons who have sufficient intelligence of some kind to perform operations in differential and integral calculus […]" (Celia Green, "The Decline and Fall of Science", 1976)

"If you assume continuity, you can open the well-stocked mathematical toolkit of continuous functions and differential equations, the saws and hammers of engineering and physics for the past two centuries (and the foreseeable future)." (Benoît Mandelbrot, "The (Mis)Behaviour of Markets: A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin and Reward", 2004)

"Nothing has afforded me so convincing a proof of the unity of the Deity as these purely mental conceptions of numerical and mathematical science which have been by slow degrees vouchsafed to man, and are still granted in these latter times by the Differential Calculus, now superseded by the Higher Algebra, all of which must have existed in that sublimely omniscient Mind from eternity." (Mary Somerville)

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