15 January 2025

On Continuity: Definitions

"The Law of Continuity, as we here deal with it, consists in the idea that [...] any quantity, in passing from one magnitude to another, must pass through all intermediate magnitudes of the same class. The same notion is also commonly expressed by saying that the passage is made by intermediate stages or steps; [...] the idea should be interpreted as follows: single states correspond to single instants of time, but increments or decrements only to small areas of continuous time." (Roger J Boscovich, "Philosophiae Naturalis Theoria Redacta Ad Unicam Legera Virium in Natura Existentium", 1758)

"An essential difference between continuity and differentiability is whether numbers are involved or not. The concept of continuity is characterized by the qualitative property that nearby objects are mapped to nearby objects. However, the concept of differentiation is obtained by using the ratio of infinitesimal increments. Therefore, we see that differentiability essentially involves numbers." (Kenji Ueno & Toshikazu Sunada, "A Mathematical Gift, III: The Interplay Between Topology, Functions, Geometry, and Algebra", Mathematical World Vol. 23, 1996)

"[…] continuity appears when we try to mathematically express continuously changing phenomena, and differentiability is the result of expressing smoothly changing phenomena." (Kenji Ueno & Toshikazu Sunada, "A Mathematical Gift, III: The Interplay Between Topology, Functions, Geometry, and Algebra", Mathematical World Vol. 23, 1996)

"Intuitively speaking, a visual representation associated with the concept of continuity is the property that a near object is sent to a corresponding near object, that is, a convergent sequence is sent to a corresponding convergent sequence." (Kenji Ueno & Toshikazu Sunada, "A Mathematical Gift, III: The Interplay Between Topology, Functions, Geometry, and Algebra", Mathematical World Vol. 23, 1996)

"A continuous function preserves closeness of points. A discontinuous function maps arbitrarily close points to points that are not close. The precise definition of continuity involves the relation of distance between pairs of points. […] continuity, a property of functions that allows stretching, shrinking, and folding, but preserves the closeness relation among points." (Robert Messer & Philip Straffin, "Topology Now!", 2006)

"Continuity is the rigorous formulation of the intuitive concept of a function that varies with no abrupt breaks or jumps. A function is a relationship in which every value of an independent variable - say x - is associated with a value of a dependent variable - say y. Continuity of a function is sometimes expressed by saying that if the x-values are close together, then the y-values of the function will also be close. But if the question 'How close?' is asked, difficulties arise." (Erik Gregersen [Ed.], "Math Eplained: The Britannica Guide to Analysis and Calculus", 2011)

"Continuity is only a mathematical technique for approximating very finely grained things. The world is subtly discrete, not continuous." (Carlo Rovelli, "The Order of Time", 2018)

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On Continuity: Definitions

"The Law of Continuity, as we here deal with it, consists in the idea that [...] any quantity, in passing from one magnitude to another...