🏅Nobel Lectures (1960-1969)

"Humanity has been passing through a gray and desolate time of confusion. My great predecessor, William Faulkner, speaking here, referred to it as a tragedy of universal fear so long sustained that there were no longer problems of the spirit, so that only the human heart in conflict with itself seemed worth writing about. Faulkner, more than most men, was aware of human strength as well as of human weakness. He knew that the understanding and the resolution of fear are a large part of the writer's reason for being. This is not new. The ancient commission of the writer has not changed. He is charged with exposing our many grievous faults and failures, with dredging up to the light our dark and dangerous dreams for the purpose of improvement." (John Steinbeck, [Nobel lecture] 1962) 

"Physics does not endeavour to explain nature. In fact, the great success of physics is due to a restriction of its objectives: it only endeavours to explain the regularities in the behavior of objects." (Eugene P Wigner, "Events, Laws of Nature, and Invariance Principles", [Nobel Lecture], 1963)

"We have ceased to expect from physics an explanation of all events, even of the gross structure of the universe, and we aim only at the discovery of the laws of nature, that is the regularities, of the events." (Eugene P Wigner, "Events, Laws of Nature, and Invariance Principles", [Nobel Lecture], 1963)

"I think the problem is not to find the best or most efficient method to proceed to a discovery, but to find any method at all." (Richard P Feynman, "The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics", [Nobel lecture] 1965)

"Imagination reaches out repeatedly trying to achieve some higher level of understanding, until suddenly I find myself momentarily alone before one new corner of nature’s pattern of beauty and true majesty revealed." (Richard P Feynman, "The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics", [Nobel lecture] 1965)

"Perhaps a thing is simple if you can describe it fully in several different ways without immediately knowing that you are describing the same thing." (Richard P Feynman, "The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics", [Nobel lecture] 1965)

"The chance is high that the truth lies in the fashionable direction. But, on the off-chance that it is in another direction - a direction obvious from an unfashionable view of field theory - who will find it? Only someone who has sacrificed himself by teaching himself quantum electrodynamics from a peculiar and unfashionable point of view; one that he may have to invent for himself." (Richard P Feynman, "The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics", [Nobel lecture] 1965)

"I have often had cause to feel that my hands are cleverer than my head. That is a crude way of characterizing the dialectics of experimentation. When it is going well, it is like a quiet conversation with Nature. One asks a question and gets an answer; then one asks the next question, and gets the next answer. An experiment is a device to make Nature speak intelligibly. After that one has only to listen." (George Wald, "The Molecular Basis of Visual Excitation", [Nobel Lecture] 1967)

"Nature seems to take advantage of the simple mathematical representations of the symmetry laws. When one pauses to consider the elegance and the beautiful perfection of the mathematical reasoning involved and contrast it with the complex and far-reaching physical consequences, a deep sense of respect for the power of the symmetry laws never fails to develop." (Chen Ning Yang, [Nobel lecture] 1967)

"Experimental physicists [...] walk a narrow path with pitfalls on either side. If we spend all our time developing equipment, we risk the appellation of 'plumber', and if we merely use the tools developed by others, we risk the censure of our peers for being parasitic." (Luis W Alvarez, "Recent Developments in Particle Physics", [Nobel] 1968)

"Most of us who become experimental physicists do so for two reasons; we love the tools of physics because to us they have intrinsic beauty, and we dream of finding new secrets of nature as important and as exciting as those uncovered by our scientific heroes." (Luis W Alvarez, "Recent Developments in Particle Physics", [Nobel] 1968)

"How can it be that writing down a few simple and elegant formulae, like short poems governed by strict rules such as those of the sonnet or the waka, can predict universal regularities of Nature? Perhaps we see equations as simple because they are easily expressed in terms of mathematical notation already invented at an earlier stage of development of the science, and thus what appears to us as elegance of description really refl ects the interconnectedness of Nature’s laws at different levels." (Murray Gell-Mann,"[Nobel speech] 1969)