On Invention (-1799)

"[...] because the origin of arts and sciences is to be considered according to the present revolution of the universe, we must affirm, in conformity with the most general tradition, that geometry was first invented by the Egyptians, deriving its origin from the mensuration of their fields: since this, indeed, was necessary to them, on account of the inundation of the Nile washing away the boundaries of land belonging to each. Nor ought It to seem wonderful, that the invention of this as well as of other sciences, should receive its commencement from convenience and opportunity. Since whatever is carried in the circle of generation proceeds from the imperfect to the perfect." (Proclus Lycaeus, cca 5th century)

"Reflexion is careful and laborious thought, and watchful attention directed to the agreeable effect of one's plan. Invention, on the other hand, is the solving of intricate problems and the discovery of new principles by means of brilliancy and versatility." (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, "De architectura" ["On Architecture], cca. 15BC) 

"To invent is to discover that we know not, and not to recover or resummon that which we already know." (Francis Bacon, "Advancement of Learning", 1605)

"Moreover, the works already known are due to chance and experiment rather than to sciences; for the sciences we now possess are merely systems for the nice ordering and setting forth of things already invented; not methods of invention or directions for new works." (Sir Francis Bacon, "Novum Organum", 1620)

"To apply oneself to great inventions, starting from the smallest beginnings, is no task for ordinary minds; to divine that wonderful arts lie hid behind trivial and childish things is a conception for superhuman talents." (Galileo Galilei, "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems", 1632) 

"Invention, strictly speaking, is little more than a new combination of those images which have been previously gathered and deposited in the memory: nothing can come of nothing." (Joshua Reynolds, "Discourses on Art", 1769) 

"Nothing, in truth, has such a tendency to weaken not only the powers of invention, but the intellectual powers in general, as a habit of extensive and various reading without reflection." (Dugald Stewart, "Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind", 1792)