On Generalization (1910-1919)

"We lay down a fundamental principle of generalization by abstraction: The existence of analogies between central features of various theories implies the existence of a general theory which underlies the particular theories and unifies them with respect to those central features." (Eliakim H Moore, "Introduction to a Form of General Analysis", 1910)

"Sometimes the probability in favor of a generalization is enormous, but the infinite probability of certainty is never reached." (William Dampier-Whetham, "Science and the Human Mind", 1912)

"Mathematics abstracts from all the particular properties of the elements hidden behind its schemata. This is achieved by mathematics with the help of indifferent symbols, like numbers or letters. Tektology must do likewise. Its generalizations should abstract from the concreteness of elements whose organizational relationships they express, and conceal this concreteness behind indifferent symbols." (Alexander Bogdanov, "Tektology: The Universal Organizational Science" Vol. I, 1913)

"Nature is far more wonderful and unconventional than anything we can evolve from our inner consciousness. The most far-reaching generalizations which may influence philosophy as well as revolutionize physics, may be suggested, nay, forced on the mind by the discovery of some trivial phenomenon." (Joseph J Thomson, "The Atomic Theory", 1914)

"The laws of nature cannot be intelligently applied until they are understood, and in order to understand them, many experiments bearing upon the ultimate nature of things must be made, in order that all may be combined in a far-reaching generalization impossible without the detailed knowledge upon which it rests." (Theodore W Richards, "The Problem of Radioactive Lead", 1918)

"The scientific paradox is only an exception to some familiar but too inclusive generalization. It, therefore, has both the appeal of the riddle and the charm of surprise - the surprise, the instant the truth is seen, of a sudden and unexpected discovery." (William J Humphries, "A Bundle of Meteorological Paradoxes", Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1919)