On Girard Desargues - Historical Perspectives

"We shall also demonstrate the following property, of which the original inventor is M. Desargues, of Lyon, one of the great minds of our time, and most versed in mathematics, amongst other topics, in conics, and whose writings on this subject, although small in number, have given ample testimony to those who have wished to receive of its knowledge. I am willing to confess that I owe the little I have found on this subject to his writings, and that I have endeavored, as far as possible, to imitate his method [...]" (Blaise Pascal, "Essais pour les coniques", 1640

"The famous geometer Desargues worked on the lines of Kepler and is now commonly credited with the authorship of some of the ideas of his predecessor. [...] the oneness of opposite infinities followed simply and logically from a first principle of Desargues, that every two straight lines, including parallels, have or are to be regarded as having one common point and one only. A writer of his insight must have come to this conclusion, even if the paradox had not been held by Kepler, Briggs, and we know not how many others, before Desargues wrote. [...] Desargues must have learned directly or indirectly from the work in which Kepler propounded his new theory of these points, first called by him the Foci (foyers), including the modern doctrine of real points at infinity." (Charles Taylor, "The Geometry of Kepler and Newton", 1899)

"In general this geometry instead of dealing with definite triangles, polygons, circles, etc., in the Euclidean manner, is based on a consideration of all points of a straight line, of all lines through a common point and of the possible effects of setting up an orderly one-to-one correspondence between them. In particular, Desargues makes a comparative study of the different plane sections of a given cone, deducing from known properties of the circle analogous results for the other conic sections." (William T Sedgwick, "A Short History of Science", 1917)

"We owe to Desargues the theory of involution and of transversals; also the beautiful conception that the two extremities of a straight line may be considered as meeting at infinity, and that parallels differ from other pairs of lines only in having their points of intersection at infinity. He re-invented the epicycloid and showed its application to the construction of gear teeth, a subject elaborated more fully later by La Hire." (Florian Cajori, "A History of Mathematics", 1919)

"One of the first important steps to be taken in modern times... was due to Desargues. In a work published in 1639 Desargues set forth the foundation of the theory of four harmonic points, not as done today but based on the fact that the product of the distances of two conjugate points from the center is constant. He also treated the theory of poles and polars, although not using these terms." (David E Smith, "History of Mathematics" Vol. 1, 1923)

"Desargues the architect was doubtless influenced by what in his day was surrealism. In any event, he composed more like an artist than a geometer, inventing the most outrageous technical jargon in mathematics for the enlightenment of himself and the mystification of his disciples. Fortunately Desarguesian has long been a dead language." (Eric T Bell, "The Development of Mathematics", 1940

"[...] all the laws of algebra correspond to projective coincidences, and von Staudt showed that all the required coincidences follow from the theorems of Pappus and Desargues. Then in 1899 David Hilbert showed that all laws of algebra except the commutative law for multiplication follow from the Desargues theorem. And in 1932 Ruth Moufang showed that all except the commutative and associative laws follow from the little Desargues theorem. Thus the Pappus, Desargues, and little Desargues theorems are mysteriously aligned with the laws of multiplication!" (John Stillwell, "The Four Pillars of Geometry", 2000)

"Calculation with numbers is the obvious model for calculation with letters, but a geometric model is also conceivable, since numbers can be interpreted as lengths. Indeed, the coordinate geometry of Fermat and Descartes was based on algebra. They found that the curves studied by the Greeks can be represented by equations, and that algebra unlocks their secrets more easily and systematically than classical geometry. But to apply algebra in the first place, Fermat and Descartes assumed classical geometry. In particular, they used Euclid’s parallel axiom and the concept of length to derive the equation of a straight line,"(John Stillwell, "The Four Pillars of Geometry", 2000)

"The Pappus and Desargues theorems show that certain coincidences - three points lying on the same line - are in fact inevitable. In fact, all such coincidences can be explained as consequences of these two theorems [...] the Pappus and Desargues theorems do more than explain projective coincidences - they also explain where basic  algebra comes from!" (John Stillwell, "The Four Pillars of Geometry", 2000)