20 January 2021

George Santayana - Collected Quotes

"Symmetry is evidently a kind of unity in variety, where a whole is determined by the rhythmic repetition of similar." (George Santayana, "The Sense of Beauty: Being the Outlines of Aesthetic Theory", 1896)

"The scientific value of truth is not, however, ultimate or absolute. It rests partly on practical, partly on aesthetic interests. As our ideas are gradually brought into conformity with the facts by the painful process of selection, - for intuition runs equally into truth and into error, and can settle nothing if not controlled by experience, - we gain vastly in our command over our environment. This is the fundamental value of natural science." (George Santayana, "The Sense of Beauty: Being the Outlines of Aesthetic Theory", 1896)

"No system would have ever been framed if people had been simply interested in knowing what is true, whatever it may be. What produces systems is the interest in maintaining against all comers that some favourite or inherited idea of ours is sufficient and right. A system may contain an account of many things which, in detail, are true enough; but as a system, covering infinite possibilities that neither our experience nor our logic can prejudge, it must be a work of imagination and a piece of human soliloquy: It may be expressive of human experience, it may be poetical; but how should anyone who really coveted truth suppose that it was true?" (George Santayana, "The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy", 1911)

"If all the arts aspire to the condition of music, all the sciences aspire to the condition of mathematics." (George Santayana, Some Turns of Thought in Modern Philosophy: Five Essays, 1933)

"[…] mathematics is like music, freely exploring the possibilities of form. And yet, notoriously, mathematics holds true of things; hugs and permeates them far more closely than does confused and inconstant human perception; so that the dream of many exasperated critics of human error has been to assimilate all science to mathematics, so as to make knowledge safe by making it, as Locke wished, direct perception of the relations between ideas […]" (George Santayana, "The Realm of Truth: Book Third of Realms of Being", 1937)

"Science, then, is the attentive consideration of common experience; it is common knowledge extended and refined. Its validity is of the same order as that of ordinary perception; memory, and understanding. Its test is found, like theirs, in actual intuition, which sometimes consists in perception and sometimes in intent." (George Santayana, "The Life of Reason, or the Phases of Human Progress", 1954)

 "Theory helps us to bear our ignorance of facts." (George Santayana)

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