On Numbers (BC)

"All things were together, infinite both in number and in smallness; for the small too was infinite." (Anaxagoras, cca. 5th century BC)

"And since the portions of the great and the small are equal in number, so too all things would be in everything. Nor is it possible that they should exist apart, but all things have a portion of everything." (Anaxagoras, cca. 5th century BC)

"I can show you that the art of computation has to do with odd and even numbers in their numerical relations to themselves and to each other." (Plato,"Charmides", cca. 5 century BC)

"And so they have handed down to us clear knowledge of the speed of the heavenly bodies and their risings and settings, of geometry, numbers and, not least, of the science of music. For these sciences seem to be related." (Archytas of Tarentym, 4th c. BC)

"[Arithmetic] has a very great and elevating effect, compelling the soul to reason about abstract numbers, and rebelling against the introduction of visible or tangible objects into the argument." (Plato, "The Republic", cca 375 BC)

"Time and space are divided into the same and equal divisions. Wherefore also, Zeno’s argument, that it is impossible to go through an infinite collection or to touch an infinite collection one by one in a finite time, is fallacious. For there are two senses in which the term ‘infinte’ is applied both to length and to time and in fact to all continuous things: either in regard to divisibility or in regard to number. Now it is not possible to touch things infinite as to number in a finite time, but it is possible to touch things infinite in regard to divisibility; for time itself is also infinite in this sense."  (Aristotle, "Physics", cca. 350 BC)

"Number is the ruler of forms and ideas, and the cause of gods and daemons." (Pythagoras) [as quoted in Life of Pythagoras (c. 300) by Iamblichus of Chalcis]

"A prime number is one" (which is) measured by a unit alone." (Euclid, "Elements" Book VII, cca. 300 BC)

"If as many numbers as we please beginning from a unit be set out continuously in double proportion, until the sum of all becomes a prime, and if the sum multiplied into the last make some number, the product will be perfect." (Euclid, "Elements", cca 300 BC)

"Numbers prime to one another are those which are measured by a unit alone as a common measure." (Euclid, "Elements" Book VII, cca 300 BC)

"Uneven numbers are the god’s delight" (Virgil, "The Eclogues", cca. 40 BC)