15 July 2021

On Nature (1825-1849)

"Here I am at the limit which God and nature has assigned to my individuality. I am compelled to depend upon word, language and image in the most precise sense, and am wholly unable to operate in any manner whatever with symbols and numbers which are easily intelligible to the most highly gifted minds." (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, [Letter to Naumann] 1826)

"There are no rules or models; that is, there are no rules except general laws of nature which hover over art and special laws which apply to specific subjects." (Victor M Hugo, "Cromwell", 1827)

"Whilst chemical pursuits exalt the understanding, they do not depress the imagination or weaken genuine feeling; whilst they give the mind habits of accuracy, by obliging it to attend to facts, they likewise extend its analogies; and, though conversant with the minute forms of things, they have for their ultimate end the great and magnificent objects of nature." (Sir Humphry Davy, "Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher", 1830)

"Complete knowledge of the nature of an analytic function must also include insight into its behavior for imaginary values of the arguments. Often the latter is indispensable even for a proper appreciation of the behavior of the function for real arguments. It is therefore essential that the original determination of the function concept be broadened to a domain of magnitudes which includes both the real and the imaginary quantities, on an equal footing, under the single designation complex numbers." (Carl F Gauss, cca. 1831)

"Nature builds up by her refined and invisible architecture, with a delicacy eluding our conception, yet with a symmetry and beauty which we are never weary of admiring." (Sir John F W Herschel, "The Cabinet of Natural Philosophy", 1831)

"The world is emblematic. Parts of speech are metaphors, because the whole of nature is a metaphor of the human mind." (Ralph W Emerson, "Nature", 1836)

"History in general is therefore the development of Spirit in Time, as Nature is the development of the Idea is Space." (Georg W F Hegel, "Lectures on the Philosophy of History", 1837)

"The most important and lasting truths are the most obvious ones. Nature cheats us with her mysteries, one after another, like a juggler with his tricks; but shews us her plain honest face, without our paying for it." (William Hazlitt, "Characteristics: In the Manner of Rochefoucault's Maxims", 1837)

"No occupation is more worthy of an intelligent and enlightened mind, than the study of Nature and natural objects; and whether we labour to investigate the structure and function of the human system, whether we direct our attention to the classification and habits of the animal kingdom, or prosecute our researches in the more pleasing and varied field of vegetable life, we shall constantly find some new object to attract our attention, some fresh beauties to excite our imagination, and some previously undiscovered source of gratification and delight." (Sir Joseph Paxton, "A Practical Treatise on the Cultivation of the Dahlia", 1838)

"The secrets of nature are concealed; her agency is perpetual, but we do not always discover its effects; time reveals them from age to age; and although she is always the same in herself, she is not always equally well known." (Blaise Pascal, "Thoughts on Religion and Philosophy", 1838)

"Every theorem in geometry is a law of external nature, and might have been ascertained by generalizing from observation and experiment, which in this case resolve themselves into comparisons and measurements. But it was found practicable, and being practicable was desirable, to deduce these truths by ratiocination from a small number of general laws of nature, the certainty and universality of which was obvious to the most careless observer, and which compose the first principles and ultimate premises of the science." (John S Mill, "System of Logic", 1843)

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