02 July 2021

Out of Context: Algebra is... (Definitions)

"Algebra is a general Method of Computation by certain Signs and Symbols which have been contrived for this Purpose, and found convenient. It is called an Universal Arithmetic, and proceeds by Operations and Rules similar to those in Common Arithmetic, founded upon the same Principles." (Colin Maclaurin, "A Treatise on Algebra", 1748)

"Algebra is but written geometry and geometry is but figured algebra." (Sophie Germain, "Mémoire sur les Surfaces Élastiques", 1880)

"Whoever thinks algebra is a trick in obtaining unknowns has thought it in vain. No attention should be paid to the fact that algebra and geometry are different in appearance. Algebras are geometric facts which are proved." (Omar Khayyam [quoted by J.J. Winter and W. Arafat, "The Algebra of ‘Umar Khayyam’", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 41, 1950)

"[…] algebra is the intellectual instrument which has been created for rendering clear the quantitative aspects of the world." (Alfred North Whitehead, "The Organization of Thought", 1974)

"Algebra is the offer made by the devil to the mathematician. The devil says: I will give you this powerful machine, it will answer any question you like. All you need to do is give me your soul: give up geometry and you will have this marvelous machine." (Michael F Atiyah, 2004)

"Algebra is a way to bring us to certainty in mathematics; but must it be presently condemned as an ill way, because there are some questions in mathematics, which a man cannot come to certainty in by the way of Algebra?" (John Locke)

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