15 July 2021

On Nature (1600-1699)

"For many parts of Nature can neither be invented with sufficient subtlety, nor demonstrated with sufficient perspicuity, nor accommodated to use with sufficient dexterity, without the aid and intervention of Mathematic: of which sort are Perspective, Music, Astronomy, cosmography, Architecture, Machinery, and some others." (Sir Francis Bacon, "De Augmentis"Bk. 3 ["The Advancement of Learning"], 1605)

"It cannot be that axioms established by argumentation should avail for the discovery of new works, since the subtlety of nature is greater many times over than the subtlety of argument. But axioms duly and orderly formed from particulars easily discover the way to new particulars, and thus render sciences active." (Francis Bacon, "Novum Organum", 1620)

"Man, as the minister and interpreter of nature, dies and understands as much as his observations on the order of nature, either with regard to things or the mind permit him, and neither knows or is capable of more." (Francis Bacon, "Novum Organum", 1620)

"Nature's great book is written in mathematical symbols." (Galileo Galilei, "The Assayer", 1623)

"I tell you that if natural bodies have it from Nature to be moved by any movement, this can only be circular motion, nor is it possible that Nature has given to any of its integral bodies a propensity to be moved by straight motion. I have many confirmations of this proposition, but for the present one alone suffices, which is this. I suppose the parts of the universe to be in the best arrangement, so that none is out of its place, which is to say that Nature and God have perfectly arranged their structure. This being so, it is impossible for those parts to have it from Nature to be moved in straight, or in other than circular motion, because what moves straight changes place, and if it changes place naturally, then it was at first in a place preternatural to it, which goes against the supposition. Therefore, if the parts of the world are well ordered, straight motion is superfluous and not natural, and they can only have it when some body is forcibly removed from its natural place, to which it would then return by a straight line, for thus it appears that a part of the earth does [move] when separated from its whole. I said 'it appears to us', because I am not against thinking that not even for such an effect does Nature make use of straight line motion." (Galileo Galilei, [Letter to Francesco Ingoli] 1624)

"[…] it is astonishing and incredible to us, but not to Nature; for she performs with utmost ease and simplicity things which are even infinitely puzzling to our minds, and what is very difficult for us to comprehend is quite easy for her to perform." (Galileo Galilei, "Dialog Concerning the Two World Systems", 1630)

"Now nature is not at variance with art, nor art with nature, they being both servants of his providence: art is the perfection of nature [...]" (Sir Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, 1643)

"The science of Nature [...] should return to the plainness and soundness of observations."(Robert Hooke, "Micrographia", 1665)

"Nature is an infinite sphere of which the center is everywhere and the circumference nowhere." (Blaise Pascal, "Pensées", 1670)

"What is man in nature? A Nothing in comparison with the Infinite, an All in comparison with the Nothing, a mean between nothing and everything. Since he is infinitely removed from comprehending the extremes, the end of things and their beginning are hopelessly hidden from him in an impenetrable secret; he is equally incapable of seeing the Nothing from which he was made, and the Infinite in which he is swallowed up." (Blaise Pascal, "Pensées", 1670)

"The nature, mother of the eternal diversities, or the divine spirit, are zaelous of her variety by accepting one and only one pattern for all things, By these reasons she has invented this elegant and admirable proceeding. This wonder of Analysis, prodigy of the universe of ideas, a kind of hermaphrodite between existence and non-existence, which we have named imaginary root?" (Gottfried W Leibniz, "De Bisectione Latereum", 1675)

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